
               THE BLIND CALIFORNIAN



             Quarterly Magazine of the

          CALIFORNIA COUNCIL OF THE BLIND


Winter, 1997                       Volume 41 No. 1


Published in Braille, Cassette, Diskette, and Large Print



           Catherine Skivers, President
                 415-357-1986 Res.


                 EXECUTIVE OFFICE:
             3919 West Magnolia Blvd.
             Burbank, California 91505

                   800-221-6359
                   818-557-6372
                Fax:  818-557-6539
              CCBNET/BBS 916-568-6359
                  GLOBAL BLIND EXCHANGE telnet gbs.org
   
       World-Wide Web HTPP://WWW.GBX.ORG
                  TELNET GBX.ORG

 SACRAMENTO AREA OFFICE:  Cid Urena, 916-371-1514
   1399 Sacramento Avenue SP 25, Bryte, CA 95605

   BAY AREA OFFICE:  Cathie Skivers 510-357-1986
       836 Resota Street, Hayward, CA 94545

Please send all address changes to the Executive Office in Burbank.
             Editor: Winifred Downing 
                 1587 38th Avenue
             San Francisco, CA 94122 




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Call the "CALIFORNIA CONNECTION"  at 800-221-6359 for an
update on legislation and CCB events Monday through Friday after 5
p.m. and all day on weekends.  At these times it is available also in
Spanish. 

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Nonmembers are requested and members are invited to pay a yearly
subscription fee of $10 toward the printing of The Blind Californian. 


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If you or a friend would like to remember the California Council of the
Blind in your will, you can do so by employing the following language:

"I give, devise, and bequeath unto the California Council of the Blind,
a nonprofit charitable organization in California, the sum of $---- (or
----) to be used for its worthy purposes on behalf of blind persons."

If your wishes are more complex, you may have your attorney 
communicate with the Burbank office for other suggested forms.
Thank you.

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                 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FROM THE EDITOR, by Winifred Downing 1

PRESIDENT'S REPORT, by Mitch Pomerantz  . . . . .1

CCB ANNOUNCES AWARDS PROGRAM, by Cathie Skivers .3

CCB CONVENTION REPORT, FALL 1997, by Tddie Remhild4

TECHTALK: JEAN LIST: A PROFESSIONAL FORUM,  
   by Kenneth Frasse  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 

CALLING ALL COOKS: A CCB FUND-RAISING PROJECT
   by Chris Gray  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

THOUGHTS OF A PRESIDENT-ELECT, by Peter  Damien .8

REPORT ON CCB DONATION BOOKS  . . . . . . . . . .9

A LETTER FROM GUIDE DOGS FOR THE BLIND, by Joanne Ritter9

BLOCKBUSTER STORES AND DESCRIPTIVE VIDEO  . . . 11

THE COMMITTEE ON SENIOR BLIND: A PROGRESS REPORT
   by Teddie Remhild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

REPOROT ON RESOLUTIONS PASSED SPRING, 1996, 
   by Mitch Pomerantz . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

DEVELOPING THE NATIONAL AGENDA, by Anne L. Corn et al.17

NEWS FROM THE PYRAMID CHAPTER, by Ahmad Rahman  21

CAREER CONNECTIONS, by Catherine Schmitt  . . . 22

UNITED WE STAND! by Daveed Mandell. . . . . . .244

RANDOM THOUGHTS, by Domenic Martinelli  . . . . 26

GBX UPDATE, by Dan Kyssor . . . . . . . . . . . 26


OUT OF THE DOGHOUSE: by Lee Morton. . . . . . . 27

LIFE MEMBERSHIPS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

 AROUND THE STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

CCB OFFICERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

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                 FROM THE EDITOR 

               by WINIFRED DOWNING 

   I am writing this piece in the midst of the glorious commotion of
he Christmas Season, but by the time you read it, we will be in the
 doldrums that follow all the excitement.  Don't you feel sorry for
people who have birthdays in early January?  I have a son and
grandson who suffer from that fate.  Maybe they should get extra
presents?
   This issue of the BC is unusual in several regards.  Since both
the state legislature and Congress are in recess, you will find no
legislative reports this time.  Then several of our regular columnists
let their submissions slide in a sort of psychological hang-up until
after the convention and then found that Holiday busyness prevented
them from getting their act together, you will regret the absence of
their columns.  Lastly, you will find this time a list of the names and
addresses of our officers that reflects the recent elections.  Be sure
to keep this list for reference, since it will not appear again until new
elections make that necessary. In the issue following Cathie Skivers'
appointment of our Publications Committee, their names and
addresses will be printed.  
   Meanwhile, there is a long and rather academic article on the
National Agenda concerning the education of blind and visually
impaired children.  It is an important matter since all the major
organizations concerned with education of the blind have joined to
prepare this document, and the program they have established
contains mechanisms for continuing and long range activity.  
   There are, also, two articles which may provoke comment or
debate: Cathy Schmitt's on careers and Peter Damien's concerning
the future emphasis in our organization.  And while we're speaking of
issues on which there may be varying opinions, would someone write
an article on why the vending stand program is attracting so few
people these days and what might be done to reverse that situation. 

   May God be with you all--and with our organization--in this new
year!

                         
         PRESIDENT'S REPORT, WINTER, 1997


                by Mitch Pomerantz

    As this will be my last President's Report, let me again say that
it has truly been an honor to serve as President of the California
Council of the Blind for the last two years.  As Immediate Past
President, I am looking forward to working with our new President,
Cathie Skivers, to forward the programs and philosophy of this
organization.  What follows is that part of my President's Report
delivered at our recent convention not concerned with Resolutions. 
My update on our Spring Resolutions appears elsewhere in the B.C..
    Let me personally and publicly thank both Cid and his wife
Jannis for their wonderful service to the California Council of the
Blind during my administration.  Cid Urena has been around longer
than any current legislator, even without term limits!  His knowledge,
drive, dedication, and Latin blarney would be impossible to replace. 
Also, we know how much help Jannis has been to this organization
as Cid's able assistant.  
    As you might imagine, as significant portion of my time since
April centered on dealing with our former fund raiser, Bill Ashe, and
with developing other sources of revenue for the Council.  As you
know, CCB originally negotiated an Agreement to settle our contract
with Mr. Ashe back in May.  He subsequently breached that
Agreement and the Board of Directors voted in late September to
take legal action against him and his corporation.  The Board is
cognizant that such potential litigation is costly;  we've certainly had
ample first-hand experience in recent years paying lawyers. 
Nonetheless, the majority of the Board felt that we really had no
choice but to take a strong stand and to protect our interests.  We
are doing so.  Bill Ashe's attorney has now been served with papers
outlining numerous charges which we are prepared to pursue in
court.
    On a more upbeat note,  the California Council of the Blind is
getting back on its financial feet!  One reason for this is the
tremendous support we have received from individual members, local
chapters and friends.  Subsequent to the Spring Convention, I wrote
a number of letters requesting money from a variety of sources.  One
of those letters went to Jewel McGinnis, President of the Blind San
Franciscans.  Twelve or thirteen years ago, that group had assisted
CCB by providing funds for our then newly established "equipment
loan fund."   Jewel, who is a sharp business woman and who has
been involved in fund raising for some time, wrote back to say that
the Blind San Franciscans would give the Council $10,000 on one
condition, the condition being that we obtain $20,000 in
contributions from our members.  In the fund  raising business, that's
known as a "challenge grant."  Ladies and gentlemen, you came
through and we met that challenge!  Two weeks prior to the
convention, we received that check for $10,000. 
    I want to recognize the San Francisco Chapter for its very
generous contribution of $7,500, and the San Joaquin County Club
for its $1,500 donation as well.  I particularly want to acknowledge
Jewel McGinnis and the Blind San Franciscans for their assistance
and for holding CCB's "feet to the fire" when it came to
demonstrating our collective commitment to this Council.
    Last, but certainly not least, I want to thank the dozens of you
who made individual contributions since April--those who became
Life Members of CCB, who sent a check to cover the cost of their
subscription to the B.C., and who simply mailed in a donation
because you believe in the California Council of the Blind.  To all of
you, a heart-felt THANK YOU.  
    We also owe thanks to Jewel for putting us in touch with one
of our new fund raising ventures, Professional Funding Services of
San Francisco.  This organization accepts donations of used vehicles
in the name of a charity and then resells those vehicles.  The charity-
-in this instance CCB--receives a substantial portion of the selling
price.  PFS has placed newspaper ads which have already resulted in
the donation of  a large number of used cars which went up for
auction in December.  We should be receiving our first check within
a matter of days.  I should also mention that Rick Boggs, the national
spokesperson for AirTouch Cellular, has agreed to record (without
charge) a radio commercial  soliciting vehicle donations for the CCB. 
    In June, largely through the efforts of our Treasurer David
Parker, we signed a contract with long-time CCB fund raiser Ed King
to operate a thrift store in the San Gabriel Valley.  That store is doing
exceedingly well, already providing us with revenue approaching
$1,000 a month.  We are still searching for someone to run a thrift
store in Northern California.  Thus far, however, the people we've
spoken with are unable to put up the necessary capital themselves
and, unfortunately, neither is the Council at the present time.
    While somewhat controversial, we are also pursuing setting up
a "900" number to offer entertainment to the general public.  This
industry has become far more respectable in the past few years, and
many individuals and organizations have raised significant revenue
through this activity, including a number of not-for-profit groups. 
Ladies and gentlemen, the hard reality is that we must keep up with
the times and we must diversify our sources of income.
    I recently met with a gentleman who is visually impaired and
who has put on major fund raising events for other charities
throughout  Southern California.  Specifically, he has contacts with
some big-name entertainers and believes he will be able to line up
one or two for a benefit at the House of Blues in Los Angeles.  What
is particularly attractive about this proposal is his commitment to
obtaining corporate sponsorship so there would be no cost to us.  I
hope to have more to report on this shortly.  
    I'd like to conclude by briefly mentioning some other matters
having nothing to do with fund raising activities.  The Council is
involved, along with both a public-interest and a private law firm, in
negotiations with three Northern California-based financial institutions
to assure that their automated teller machines are fully accessible to 
blind persons.  In Southern California, we are working with the public
interest law firm, Protection and Advocacy, to gather data prior to a
possible suit against the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation 
Authority.  
    As you know, we came extremely close to getting the OCB
Trust Fund Bill passed during the recent session of the Legislature. 
The Governor has indicated that he would sign similar legislation in
1997 if some minor technical changes are made.  I fully expect that
we shall give him that opportunity.  Also, now that we have a
Democrat-controlled Assembly, we must once again work to
introduce legislation for a separate commission or division for the
blind.  I hope that CCB will also do whatever it takes to protect the
State Board of Guide Dogs from  "sunsetting."  Once we've insured
its continuation, however, we must then work to make the Board a
truly consumer-driven entity.
    Ladies and Gentlemen, regardless of our financial situation, the
California Council of the Blind will remain the strongest and most
effective voice for blind and visually impaired people in this state. 
CCB was founded in 1934 by a group of determined and committed
blind men and women who truly understood the need for strong,
concerted action.   The California Council of the Blind will survive and
flourish so long as one blind Californian wants to work, but cannot
find a job, so long as one blind child graduates from high school but
cannot read or write braille, and so long as one person who loses his
or her vision later in life is unable to obtain adequate training to
function independently as a blind or visually impaired individual! 
THANK YOU, AND TAKE CARE! 


              CCB ANNOUNCES AWARDS PROGRAM 

                 by Cathie Skivers

    After the Fall 1995, Convention, the President asked me to chair
a committee to develop an awards program for CCB analogous to the
program ACB has had for many years.  Bernice Kandarian and John
Lopez were asked to serve on the committee with me.
    At the Spring Convention meeting of the Board of Directors, the
committee reported, giving the broad outlines of a program.  At that
time the board established an Awards Committee to consist initially
of the three members of the existing committee and two additional
members.  
    At the recent Fall 1996, Convention, the full Awards Committee
was constituted, including Gussie Morgan and Joe Smith.  The
program which the committee set up and the Board of Directors
approved is as follows:
    CCB Hall of Fame:  A Hall of Fame will be established in 
Recognition of those who have made significant contributions and
sustained effort toward the realization of the goals of CCB.  The
Committee will induct ten people initially.  Thereafter, nominations
may be made by any CCB member, chapter or affiliate.
    The initial inductees announced by the Committee at the
Convention are:
    Dr. Newel L. Perry, Dr. Jacobus tenBroek, Robert
    Campbell, Perry Sundquist, Ernest Crowley, Anthony
    Mannino,
    George Fogarty, Dorothy Glass, Juliet Esterly, and Dr.
    Isabel L. D. Grant.
    From now on, up to five people will be inducted at each Spring
Convention.
    Communitiy Service Award: A recipient of this award is to be
selected each year from among blind or visually impaired candidates
who, through their associations and activities, have
demonstrated their integration into, and their interaction
with, the life of the community.
    CCB Distinguished Service Award: This award is to be given to
an outstanding blind or visually impaired person who has contributed
significantly to the betterment of blind people in general.  The
recipient of this award need not be a member of CCB.
    Legislator of the Year Award: This award is to be given
periodically to a California State or Federal legislator who has
introduced and successfully brought about enactment of legislation
on
behalf of persons who are blind or visually impaired.
    Certificate of Merit:  This certificate is to be given to any
individual who provides outstanding volunteer service to CCB, its
chapters or affiliates.
    Recipients of the Community Service Award, the CCB 
Distinguished Service Award, Legislator of the Year and
Certificate of Merit may be nominated by any member, chapter or
affiliate.
    Publications Award: This is an award which is to be given to the
person who has prepared the best article of the year appearing in
the Blind Californian or newspapers or periodicals.  It
will be based on a determination made by the Publications
Committee.
    So let's all think of people we know who deserve to be
specially recognized.  Nominations are to be made by letter,
stating why the nominee deserves the award, and which one.  This
information must be sent to the Awards Committee at the CCB Office
by March 1, 1997, for presentations at the Spring 1997, Convention.


         CCB CONVENTION REPORT, FALL, 1997

                 by Teddie Remhild

    The democratic character of the California Council of the Blind
was reaffirmed at the 1996 Fall Convention held in San Diego as the
membership elected a new regime of leadership headed by Catherine
Skivers, the first woman to be voted into that position in the 62
years of CCB's existence.  Cathie will be assisted by John Lopez,
first vice-president and Jeff Thom, second vice-president.  David
Parker will continue to serve as treasurer and Kenneth Frasse as
secretary.  Board members who were reelected were Pat LaFrance
and Charles Naberete; Brian Hall and Jerry Glass were chosen as new
members.  These elections marked a time of change, challenge and
concilliatory commitment for the membership of the California
Council of the Blind as we approach the third millenium.
Congratulations and success to all our new leaders!
    The convention, the final to be led by Mitch Pomerantz as he
concluded his second year as president, was stimulating, informative
and entertaining with such memorable speakers as Sue Lainee on sky
diving; Rick Boggs, the Air Touch Cellular commercial spokesperson;
Stuart Wittenstein, Superintendent, California School for the Blind;
Jill Ferris, NLS narrator and Patricia Sieglen-Perry, Disabled Students
Coordinator, San Diego, who spoke on ADA compliance.  All these
speakers brought messages of hope because of their positive action
and enthusiastic involvement toward advancing the opportunities and
equality for the blind in today's world.  
    General sessions were also enhanced by the panel presenting
spokespersons from the various agencies for the blind in the San
Diego Area.  In addition, a delightful presentation on "Traveling
through Latin America" was made by David Hopkins and Jim Stegall
from the Foundation Fighting Blindness.
    Many committees and special interest groups held meetings,
workshops, and
luncheons including Guide Dog Users, Braille Revival League, Library
Users, Association for Multicultural Concerns, Women's Concerns,
the Committee on Senior Blind and Visually Impaired, the
Rehabilitation Committee, and the Technology Committee.   
    Here are a few highlights from these meetings: The Association
for Multi-cultural Concerns featured as their luncheon speaker Joe
Hicks, a leading civil rights advocate working in San Diego.  He
debated David Duke in opposition to Proposition 209 which would
abolish affirmative action.  He had much to say of an encouraging
nature  regarding the future of human rights and minority concerns. 

    Millicent Collingsworth, founder of "Blind Ambition" a self-
defense program for blind individuals and others with disabilities, was
the luncheon speaker for the Women's Concerns Committee.  She
made a fascinating presentation concerning her personal life
experiences and challenges.  
    Jill Ferris, a much admired reader of talking books, spoke before
the joint meeting of the Braille Revival League and the California
Library Users and again in the afternoon at the general session of the
convention. 
    The Committee on Senior Blind and Visually Impaired presented
adiverse and informative panel on "Healthy Aging: Fitness in Later
Years". 
    The Rehabilitation Committee had a seminar for employers in the
San Diego area on employing the blind.  Participants were Alice
Hackney, Pat LaFrance, Nelly Glaze and Christy Crespin.
    A very successful talent showcase was held on Friday evening
prepared by the Greater L.A. Chapter.  
    As always, the CCB Exhibit Room was well attended,
successfully managed by Obbie Schoeman.  
    Other special features were the Presidents' Forum led by
President Mitch Pomerantz and the First Timers Seminar presented
by Cathie Skivers.  The meeting for chapter 
presidents gave suggestions on leadership and provided opportunities
to discuss local concerns.
    The banquet on Saturday evening was MC'd by President-elect
Cathie Skivers, with guest speaker Scott Marshall of the American
Foundation for the Blind featured as speaker.  Also, Scholarship
winners were identified and introduced.  An additional guest speaker
was Jim Catalano, nephew of Former CCB President Anthony
Mannino.  He paid tribute to his popular uncle.  The drawing was
held for the winners in the state-wide donation drive.  The prize of
$500.00 went to Mr. and Mrs. Al Biegler.           
    On Suncay morning, the general session reviewed the
resolutions presented by Chairman Jeff Thom and his committee.
Resolutions arise out of the the concerns of CCB members.  They will
be summarized in the next issue of the BC and implemented by the
1997 CCB president.The theme of this 1996 convention was
"Growth and Strength through Advocacy and Education" and it was
successfully presented and will keep us on the right track for the new
challenges still to be met and surmounted. 


    TECHTALK: JEAN LIST: A PROFESSIONAL FORUM 

                 by Kenneth Frasse

(Reprinted with permission from Access Review, Vol. I, No. 4, Winter 1996)
     Abstract: At the Closing the Gap Conference in Minneapolis, Minnesota, four professionals
hosted a pre-conference seminar addressing aspects of technical evaluation and accommodation. 
During this seminar, it became apparent that professionals in this realm do not currently possess an
effective forum within which they can assist each other and discuss critical issues pertinent to
technical evaluation and accommodation.  Sensory Access Foundation, therefore, established the
Job Evaluation and Accommodation Network (JEAN).  JEAN is a "list-serve", and the following
article reviews its purpose and use. 
     Five countries were represented in a seminar at the international Minneapolis Closing the Gap
conference.  The seminar focused on technical evaluation and accommodation for blind and
visually-impaired individuals in employment.  It was hosted and directed by Rene Clark of
TeleSensory Inc., Kerry Cook of Oregon Goodwill Industries, Jerry Kuns of Humanware Inc., and
Mark Nelson of the Foundation for Blind Children.  There were three aspects to the seminar which
included a general discussion forum, scenario-based exercises, and actual on-site evaluations. 
Though the exercises and on-site evaluations were thorough and important to the seminar, it was
the general discussion that prompted the evolution of another idea.
     During the first hour or so of the all-day seminar, participants had the opportunity to discuss
issues that they deemed crucial to the field.  Topics ranged from interpretations of Title I of the
Americans with Disabilities Act and elements of technical evaluation to funding adaptive
equipment.  It became apparent that there really does not exist a forum through which professionals
in the field of evaluation and accommodation can discuss the direction and many aspects of their
field.
     Some critical aspects missing from the field include: 
     1) A pool of knowledgeable access technology specialists (ATS) who can quickly be consulted
to answer technical questions for those professionals not entirely familiar with certain types of
mainstream or adaptive technology;
     2) Technology funding scenarios and sources for individuals and agencies acquiring equipment;
     3) Case-study interpretations and understanding of the ADA under Title I (Employment) and
title II (Accommodation for governmental entities).
     There were numerous additional topics touched upon during the seminar, but the overwhelming
impression was that there did not exist an effective forum through which the discussion might
continue or grow.  It was at this point that the Job Evaluation and Accommodation Network
(JEAN) was conceived.
     JEAN is a "list-serve" on the Internet, and is accessible throughout the world at no charge. 
Below are the criteria for joining JEAN and information about how to subscribe to JEAN.
     JEAN is open only to professionals in the field of evaluation and accommodation.  There are
numerous general discussion groups on the Internet, but none for professionals seeking critical
information and  feedback.  Additionally, limiting JEAN to professionals will, it is hoped, limit the
number of messages sent to any one person at a time.  Historically, users will "unsubscribe" to list-
serves that generate too many messages or too much irrelevant discussion.  Again, JEAN is limited
to professionals to avert such an onslaught.  All  topics within the structure and purpose of JEAN,
however, are acceptable; and discussion is encouraged.
     To become a member of JEAN, the user must have an Internet account.  Then simply write an
electronic mail (e-mail) message to: jean@gbx.org.  In the subject line only, not in the body of the
message, enter the word "subscribe" and send the message.  (Note:  This is different from most
list-servers which leave the subject line blank and place the command in the body of the message.)
     JEAN members, then, need only to respond to other members' messages or write e-mail
messages directly to jean@gbx.org.  In addition there are other commands that can be entered on
the subject line for members' use, and the list of available commands can be retrieved by writing
an e-mail message to JEAN with the word "help" in the subject line; an e-mail message will be sent
to the user with all of the available commands.
     If you have any questions, or would like any more information, you can contact Kenneth Frasse
either by writing an e-mail message  directly to kenneth@gbx.org, or by calling Sensory Access
Foundation 

at 1-415-329-0430.


                  CALLING ALL COOKS: 
              A CCB FUND-RAISING PROJECT

                     BY Chris Gray

  Do you have a favorite recipe or two that you'd like to share with CCB members, friends, and
supporters?  Would you like to participate personally in a CCB fund-raising project?  If so, here's a great
opportunity!
  The California Council of the Blind is now in the planning stages of producing a cookbook which will
be titled Cooking by Ear.  What do you think?  The idea occurred to Cathie Skivers and me during the fall
convention in a conversation about various fund-raising possibilities.  This one has the advantages of being
relatively inexpensive, providing something in which the entire membership can readily participate,
providing an item that can be helpful to blind cooks by furnishing relevant information about how things
feel, smell, and generally go together when prepared by other blind persons, and issuing in a fun way to
raise money. 
  We envision a cookbook with a full range of sections and recipes from appetizers and soups to main
dishes and desserts.  In the dessert category, it would be particularly appropriate to include some of those
scrumptious recipes that can be shared with diabetic friends.  Given the cultural diversity in CCB, we
hope also to provide lots of varied foods from different ethnic and national groups.  Each recipe will carry
the name of its contributor and any comments he or she may wish to include: like "great for picnics", "a
real shortcut in preparing a holiday meal", or "Children will love it".  Using the book will, therefore, be
particularly enjoyable to everybody.  
  All you need to do in order to participate in this project is to send your favorite recipes to me, Chris
Gray.  Mail them either to the CCB office or to me personally at 94 Ramona Avenue, San Francisco, CA
94103.  Braille or tape is preferred.  Let's get cookin'!
      THOUGHTS OF A PRESIDENT-ELECT         

               by Peter Marc Damien
    President-Elect, San Francisco Chapter, CCB

  After many years of service to blind and visually impaired people in the San Francisco Chapter
of CCB, Win Downing has stepped aside to, as she says, give others the chance to present new
ideas and leadership for this long-established chapter.  
  In a good humored election typical of our shrinking group, I was
honored, by a one vote margin, to take over the leadership in January.  We elected Jerry Fields as
VIP and will change our meeting time and day to retain the rest of our officers and, we hope, to
increase our membership overall.
  Despite being tired from making a commercial for Alpo that will
appear on national television and in magazines, I could hardly sleep after I got home.  It should
come to no one as a surprise that we are in a particularly delicate, even dangerous, time in CCB. 
Not only are the cash drawers empty, but I sometimes get the feeling that we're running scared. 
There is an ADA backlash; we as a group are still under-employed; the recurring word in every
conversation is "down-sizing"; and the Department of Rehabilitation seems to have begun to
recover, but we are hardly in an expansive period in which services and adaptive equipment for
blind and visually impaired people are easy to acquire at public expense.
  Yet I volunteered for this new role; I am excited about it and I take it very seriously.  I have
some ideas that are, perhaps,  not going to be very popular, but I think we need to take stock of
more than our financial assets.  As I spoke to other chapter leaders and my friends in the blind
network throughout the State, it seems that everywhere our membership is shrinking and aging at
the same time that we suffer from the aftermath of geological, political and financial upheavals. 
  We must begin sincere equal-to-equal dialog with the rest of the disability movement.  We must
recognize that the consumer model we cherish is a left-over from the past; the future belongs to the
children of the Civil Rights Movement.  It is not a question of who's right; it's a question of
numbers and we're outnumbered ten to one by people with disabilities other than blindness.  If we
ignore the  conversation, we will be left out of the party.
  We must educate the general population, the "tabs" (temporarily
able-bodied) so that, if blindness strikes as they age, they will know we're here and we're able to
step in with support, both tangible and psychological.
  We must sincerely reach out to teens, bring them into the
organization, begin to educate them for self-advocacy.  We are the past; they are the future.  We
need to turn the world over to them and get out of their way.
  As the AIDS pandemic evolves, it is beginning to look as if the new drugs may significantly
lengthen lives previously thought to be terminal, but the major opportunistic infection associated
with sight loss, CMV (cytomeglavirus) retinitis, may create a whole new population of blind people
who, until now, have not identified with us.  They feel culturally different; many are sexual
minorities; many are recovering from addictions.  Yet they are newly blind people with all the
adaptive problems and social issues with which CCB can
help.  Are we big enough to be truly inclusive?  Can we overcome prejudices to further the causes
of all the blind people in California?
  CCB is probably more important now than at any time in our
history, but we cannot cling to what we've been.  We must become what will be viable for blind
people in the next century.  Our stability needs to be political and philosophical as well as fiscal. 
We must be careful about what we keep and what we discard.  We're being forced to change
because we must; it is the only way to create a prosperous future for Blind Californians.


           REPORT ON CCB DONATION BOOKS 

  The Blind Californian sponsored a contest to determine the chapter that sold the most donation
books and the single individual who did so with a $25 prize for the winner.  The Greater Los
Angeles Chapter, selling 75 books, was the chapter winner, and its member, Obbie Schoeman,
wasthe individual winner with 35 books to his credit.  Congratulations, Obbie!
  The gross amount taken in by this effort was $5,602.  When the rebates to the chapters, the
$500 prize, and the cost of printing were deducted, the net gain was $2,909.  

      A LETTER FROM GUIDE DOGS FOR THE BLIND

Guide Dogs for the Blind, Inc.
P.O. Box 151200
San Rafael, California 94915-1200
415-499-4000
November 6, 1996

Winifred Downing, Editor
The Blind Californian
1587 38th Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94122

To the Editor:
  Thank you for giving me the opportunity to respond to the opinions expressed in the Fall issue
of The Blind Californian by Ken Metz concerning Guide Dogs for the Blind, Inc.
  Ken attributes recent appointments of graduates to our staff and Board of Directors, as well as
other positive changes, to be the result of a negative article about the school which appeared in the
San Jose Mercury News in April, 1996.  Since many of our graduates are also members of the
California Council of the Blind, we feel a response may be of interest to your readership.
  In 1994, Guide Dogs established the 8-member Graduate Advisory Council.  All of our
graduates are provided with Council Members' phone numbers and addresses so they can give their
feedback and suggestions about our program.  This Council meets twice each year, and meetings
are attended by many of Guide Dog's Board and staff members.
  Since 1994, over 50 improvements have been made to our program as a direct result of the
Council's input.  These changes directly affect our students and graduates, such as:
  the establishment of an 800 phone number so graduates can call the school free of charge;
  the creation of Alumni News, a newsletter specifically for our graduates which includes training
and program updates and a graduate bulletin board; 
  improved contact between graduates and their dogs' raisers;direct consultations with staff
veterinarians regarding
individual medical histories; 
  And other items too numerous to mention.
  In recent years, Guide Dogs has increased its efforts to employ qualified people who happen to
be blind. Contrary to Ken's article, we have had 4 full-time staff members who are blind since
1995 and the number continues to grow.  This month we hired another new employee who is blind
and a dog guide user.  However, it must be remembered that our graduates reside throughout the
United States and Canada; very few live in the San Rafael area.  In order to make it easier for
people to find out what jobs are available,
Guide Dogs established a telephone job line in 1994 which gives recorded information about job
openings. Currently, we are also actively notifying by mail graduates who have appropriate
qualifications for jobs as they are posted.
  Also, in 1994 Guide Dogs began a process of change to its bylaws in order to establish term
limits for Board Members which would open up more Board seats and ensure there is new talent
with a fresh outlook and new ideas.  The Board also established a transition
plan which would allow new Board Members to be accepted while
retaining people with experience on the Board.  As of this writing, Guide Dogs has 19 Board
members, four of whom are blind.  In fact, we had a graduate on our Board as far back as the late
70s and he remained on our Board for approximately 10 years.
  In January, 1996, our graduates on our staff and our staff who are Orientation and Mobility
Specialists put together a series of brown bag lunch seminars to introduce employees to some of the
issues surrounding blindness and dog guide use.  This was helpful to all employees, and especially
so as part of the orientation for new staff members who have been hired as a result of our
expansion to two campuses.
  All of these efforts pre-date the April, 1996, media article which Ken attributes as the impetus
for all the positive changes at Guide Dogs.  In reality, we have been working in this direction for a
very long time and have open lines of communication with our
graduates.  They are active participants in the development of improvements to our program, and
we value their input.
  There are many constructive ways to produce positive change in an organization short of
contacting the media, although we always welcome the chance to speak with media representatives
who show an interest in our program.  We appreciated the opportunity to
provide the San Jose Mercury News reporter with information and comments on all the topics she
raised. While input from members of GDUC and other consumer groups is, of course, very
helpful, our own graduates are our most valuable resource.
       Sincerely, 

       Joanne Ritter
       Public Information


     BLOCKBUSTER STORES AND DESCRIPTIVE VIDEO 

  Below is a list of Blockbuster stores which carry videos that have been prepared specifically for
blind persons.  During quiet periods in these movies, description is given of the actions occurring,
the appearance of the principle characters, the environment in which the action is occurring, etc.  If
blind persons patronize these stores and indicate enthusiastic approval of the videos, such movies
will be carried by more stores throughout the country.  

1.  2334 Buchanan Road, Antioch, CA 94509; 510-779-09002 
2.  5600 California Ave., Bakersfield, CA 93309; 805-633-2592
3.  2352 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley, CA, 94704; 610-849-9685
4.  610 Palomar Street, Suite 1502, Chula Vista CA 91911;619-427-9444
5.  2750 Harbor ave. B-2, Costa Mesa CA 92826; 714-957-1331
6.  19805 Stevens Creek Blvd., Cupertino, CA 95014; 408-257-9846
7.  750 E .Olive, Fresno, CA 93728; 209-498-6512
8.  101 West Orangethorp, Fullerton, CA 92632; 714-871-1277
9.  900 N Pacific Ave., Glendale CA 91203; 818-507-4392
10.  19011 Magnolia Ave., Huntington Beach, CA 92646; 714-964-2679
11.  49701 Irvine Blvd., #101, Irvine CA 92720; 714-730-9566
12.  8011 University Ave., C-5, La Mesa CA 91941; 619-461-8502
13.  17124 Hawthorne Blvd., Lawndale, CA; 90260; 310-371-5498
14.  3910 Long Beach Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90807; 310-426-4002
15.  2220 Bellflower Blvdl, Long Beach, CA 90815; 310-596-5060
16.  330 La Cienega Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048; 310-659-8366
17.  24021 Marguerite Parkway, Mission Viejo, CA 92692; 714-837-9970
18.  2900 Standiford Ave., #22, Modesto, CA 95350; 209-576-8925
19.  123 W Foothill Blvd., Monrovia, CA 91016; 818-305-0704
20.  4020 BelAire Plaza, Napa, CA 94558; 707-224-8005
 21.  34909 Newark Blvd., Newark, CA 94560; 510-713-0833
22.  2224 El Camino Real, Suite A, Oceanside, CA 92054; 619-433-2112
23.  2051 N Oxnard Blvd., Oxnard, CA 93030; 805-981-0909
24.  102 University, Palo Alto, CA 94301; 415-328-7582
25.  4747 Hopyard Road, Pleasanton, CA 94566; 510-463-1005
26.  9309 Foothill Blvd., A, Rancho Cucamonga,CA 91730; 909-941-7855
27.  1360 Churn Creek Road, Redding, CA 96002; 916-221-2735
28.  3856 La Sierra Ave., Riverside, CA 92505; 909-343-1680
29.  2030 Douglas Blvd., Roseville CA 5661; 916-774-0704
30.  2929 K-Street, #100, Sacramento, CA 95816; 916-446-2929
31.  959 W Kendall Dr., San Bernardino, CA 92407; 909-882-2560
32.  1206 E Camino Real, San Bruno, CA 94068; 415-589-8434
 33.  5620 Balboa Ave. Suite B-101, San Diego, CA 92111; 619-277-2677
34.  11965 Bernardo Plaza Drive, San Diego, CA 92128; 619-485-8860
35.  160 Church Street, San Francisco, CA 94114; 415-255-0600
35.  842 Blossom Hill Road, San Jose, CA 95123; 408-224-0588
37.  1730 Mission Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95030; 408-469-0164
38.  1402 Wilshire Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90403; 310-394-7792
39.  173 Plaza Drive #1001, Vallejo, CA 94591; 707-558-8016
40.  300 N Lemon Ave., Walnut, CA 91789; 909-594-5889
41.  2995 Ygnacio Valley Road, Walnut Creek, CA 94598; 510-930-2904
42.  13939 E Whittier Blvd., Whittier, CA 90605; 310-696-9776
43.  21937 Ventura Blvd., Woodland Hills, CA 91364; 818-713-9990


 THE COMMITTEE ON SENIOR BLIND: A PROGRESS REPORT 

                 by Teddie Remhild

  Five years ago the California Council of the Blind created the
Committee on Senior Blind and Visually Impaired.  It was the brain-
child of Immediate Past President John Lopez, who assigned to me the task of breathing life into this trail-blazing idea.  The committee
has come a long way and become an important part of the CCB's agenda.
  The demographics of blindness in our country have changed dramatically in the past six decades of the existence of the California Council of the Blind.  Early
on, the larger percentage of blindness and visual impairment occurred in early childhood or at birth.  Over the years, with the progress in the field of medicine in
curing many of those causes, along with the cures for diseases causing early mortality, there has been a phenomenal increase in life expectancy.  All of these facts
have resulted in today's continuing growth of older adults diagnosed with age related blindness or visual impairment.  Today the majority of persons diagnosed as
legally blind in our country are over the age of 65.  Thus it was that the Committee on Senior Blind and Visually Impaired had its work cut out for it.
  We on the committee have striven to raise the consciousness of
our CCB membership, the medical profession, the general public and
most importantly, those older adults in our state facing vision loss
in the later years of their lives.  We have done these things through our legislative activity, through the distribution of our brochure
and through our convention programs.  In addition, many of our committee members have participated in community activities in order to disseminate important
information about our organization and other community resources which can assist newly blind or visually impaired adults in adjusting and maintaining independence. 

  We have also established a statewide peer support network of community resource representatives.  Through the toll-free number for the California Council of
the Blind, 1-800-221-6359, a caller can obtain the name of one of our committee members or network peers.  Thus he or she can learn of the resources in his/her own
community
fostering the adjustment to blindness and enabling the individual to go on with a  satisfying and productive life.  We emphasize the importance of peer support and
positive role models.  We, as blind persons, know how important such services are in our lives, and we share this and other techniques and information which will
make it easier for this older population, many of whom are devastated by their diagnosis and the hopelessness conveyed by many ophthalmologists.  We have also
conducted dialogues with these ophthalmologists in order to educate them about the realities of blindness and visual impairment and show them how they can
help their patients by giving them information and hope.
  The needs and numbers of this population have also come to the attention of the American Council of the Blind where there has been established the Committee
on Aging and Blindness.  I am honored to have been assigned as chairperson for this new endeavor. 
  In that role, I and the Committee on Aging and Blindness presented four programs at the 1996 ACB convention in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  We concentrated on
"Aging with Lifelong Blindness" and
"Vision Loss in Later Years".  The panels discussing these topics 
encouraged a very enthusiastic audience to participate.  We also offered two focus group
discussions, held in the suite reserved by Friends in Art.  This arrangement resulted in more
intimate groups with each having a facilitator to guide the discussion.  There is truly a need for
more of these focus groups, we realized from the eagerness of so many to participate.  
  The ACB's Committee on Aging and Blindness hopes to create a nationwide network, similar to
the one in California, which would be available to newly visually impaired older adults wherever
they might live.  It is an ambitious goal but not an impossible one.  Committee members are hard-
working and dedicated, and we are determined to accomplish their task.  
  For the past two years, Jane Kardas, president of the Redwood Empire Chapter, has been the
CCB co-chair on the Committee for Senior Blind and Visually Impaired.  As of January, 1997, I
will be retiring from my position, and Jane will carry on as chairperson.  She has made a great
contribution as committee co-chair, and I know she will be a dynamic leader.  I will continue as
chaiarperson of ACB's Committee on Aging and Blindness and in other duties for CCB.
  These committees are important now and will be even more important as the baby boom
generation begins their journey through the later years of life.  The number of older adults facing
blindness will be the largest ever by the year 2010; and our government, our legislators, and our
organizations need to be prepared.  We on the Committee on Senior Blind and Visually Impaired
have been pioneers in preparing for that development.  

    REPORT ON RESOLUTIONS PASSED SPRING, 1996 

                by Mitch Pomerantz

  (Note: with one or two minor additions or deletions, the following information was presented
during my President's Report at the Fall CCB Convention.)
  Resolution 96A1 which urged the United States Bureau of the Census to compile information
regarding the number of blind and visually impaired persons in each state, the degree of visual
impairment, the cause of visual impairments and the age of onset of blindness, and Resolution 96A16,
which urged Congress to approve the highest possible level of public transit funding for operating costs
for fiscal year 1997, were submitted to the ACB Resolutions Committee in Tulsa this past July for
consideration.  Both Resolutions were adopted by the convention with minor revisions. 
  96A2 requested the State Fire Marshal to convene a task force of interested parties for the primary
purpose of addressing the need to enforce the existing regulatory obligation to make emergency
evacuation information available to blind and visually impaired patrons and to conform this regulation
to standards under Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations.  It further suggested that this task
force examine a variety of issues including standards to be required if a property owner elects to utilize
a tactile map as an option for making this information available, and the exploration of the use of
alternative technologies for providing such information.  In his July response, Ronny Coleman, State
Fire Marshal, indicated that he would discuss this issue with his Deputy responsible for regulations and
get back to the  CCB.  While no response was received prior to the convention, a representative from
the Fire Marshal's office recently wrote indicating  that they intended convening the task force we
called for in our Resolution.  At present, the proposed task force does not include a representative from
the Council.  It is my hope that they will accept as a member the name of an individual from CCB who
will truly represent our interests and concerns.
  96A3 strongly condemned any further efforts to either eliminate automatic cost-of-living
adjustments in the State Supplementary Payment portion of the SSI/SSP Program, or to further delay
the increases due SSI/SSP recipients in November 1996 and called for this organization to take any
action necessary to oppose such efforts.  As you should be aware by now, no further cuts occurred this
year.  Our outstanding Capitol Representative, Cid Urena, worked extremely hard these past months
making numerous in-person visits to legislators to inform them that, from CCB's standpoint, any
further cuts or delays would be unconscionable. 
  96A4 strongly urged Delaine Eastin, Superintendent of Public Instruction, to prohibit the purchase
of any audio/visual materials which are not audio described, and further urged the Superintendent to
take all steps necessary to phase in the incorporation of audio description to all current audio/visual
materials.  In my July 18 cover letter, I stated: "With audio description becoming more commonplace
and the trend toward "mainstreaming" of blind and visually impaired children continuing, California
should assume a leadership position by insisting that educational videos should contain such audio
description."  In her August 16 response, the Superintendent indicated that the following  language was
incorporated in Publisher's Guidelines for California's  1996 English Language Arts and English as
a Second Language curricula:  "To facilitate the production of Braille, it is recommended that printed
resources for students be available on computer diskette as an alternate format.  It is further
recommended that films, video tapes, and video discs be captioned for the hearing impaired and include
descriptive  video for the visually impaired and that software products be compatible with currently
available adaptive computer technologies for speech  synthesis, text enlargement on the computer
screen, and electronic page turning.  It is also recommended that text files of digitized speech for the
hearing impaired and text file descriptions of computer graphics for the visually impaired be included." 
Ladies and gentlemen, once again  Superintendent Eastin has demonstrated that the CCB has a real
friend in Sacramento!
  96A6 and 96A7 concerned rehabilitation matters.  96A6 placed CCB on record as opposing any
expansion of the "means test" for provision of rehabilitation services, and requested that the Director
cease all efforts to expand use of the means test.  I'd like to quote from my July 18 letter to the
Director: "Brenda, to put it as succinctly as possible, such tests harken back to the days of "relative's
responsibility statutes, street-corner begging, and settlement houses.  Even in this era of fiscal
conservatism, it seems to me such a concept is archaic and mean-spirited, to say the least.  We believe
that California's blind and  disabled citizens deserve better and I personally urge you to look at  other,
less onerous methods of Departmental cost-cutting."  Ms. Premo responded by indicating that a report
had been prepared which calls for some increase in the amount clients would be expected to contribute
financially to their own rehabilitation.  The Blind Advisory Committee, which includes CCB
representatives Charles Nabarrete and Elmer Chapson, drafted an outstanding response; going on
record as strenuously  opposing any increase in the amount clients must contribute toward their own
rehabilitation.  On this issue, there is no disagreement or dispute;  the organized blind movement will
do whatever is necessary to keep the Governor and the Department of Rehabilitation from imposing
anymore of  a financial burden on already hard-pressed consumers of rehab services.96A7 confirmed
our commitment to the need for blind clients of the Department of Rehabilitation to be served by
experienced and knowledgeable counselors specializing in the visually impaired, carrying whenever
possible, caseloads consisting of at least 90% blind cases.  The Resolution further expressed our
opposition and commitment to do whatever is necessary in order to stop the recent trend of splitting
up existing RCB caseloads.  In my letter to the Director I stated: "It is particularly ironic that I am
forwarding this Resolution to you now given the recent furor created by the District Administrator for
San Francisco.  If she is permitted to continue assigning non-blind cases to the District's RCB (not to
mention assigning blind and visually impaired cases to generalist counselors) your Department will have
broken its long standing and widely recognized commitment to the organized blind of California. 
Brenda, the California Council of the Blind takes a very dim view of both practices and I urge you to
make certain that every District Administrator abides by existing Departmental policy."
  Ms. Premo responded by stating,  "... the Department believes that blind and visually impaired
clients should be served by specialists.  ... all District Administrators are aware of the Department's
philosophy and comply with it.  This does not, however, preclude RCBs from serving some generalist
cases."  She went on to indicate caseload assignment was discussed at the May meeting of the Blind
Advisory Committee where a special sub-committee was established to look into a number of service-
related issues including caseload assignment.  A Statement of  policy on specialized services for blind
clients was drafted by BAC and appeared in the Fall issue of the Blind Californian.
  Director Premo also indicated in her letter that an interview survey will be conducted of seven
District Administrators and all case carriers with more than ten blind and visually impaired cases.  This 
study will be completed by early 1997 and the findings disseminated to all interested parties.  CCB
awaits those findings with considerable interest and should publish them when they are made available.
  96A8 strongly urged the leadership of CTEVH to choose accessible conference sites and to respect
the rights of its blind members and guests by meeting all of their accessibility needs.  In August,  a
response to this Resolution was received from CTEVH President, Robert Gowan.  He stated that he
has disseminated our Resolution to those responsible for site selection and has also "... directed the
Chairperson of CTEVH's conference handbook to rewrite and make additions and/or language changes
to the instructions for the Site Finding Committee.  Such changes are to include wording that addresses
the accessibility needs of our blind and visually impaired members, and full compliance with the
Americans with Disabilities Act."
  96A11 placed the Council on record as opposing the California Civil Rights Initiative and directed
me as President to take whatever steps were necessary to assist in the defeat of this initiative measure. 
In July, I wrote to Ms. Connie Rice, Legal Counsel for the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP), with a copy of this Resolution.  Unfortunately, we did not receive a
response from  her; and, as you know, Proposition 209 was passed by the voters on November 5.
   96A13 commended Blockbuster Video for its pilot program of making audio-described movies
available for rental at ten locations including  the one in Woodland Hills, California.  In my letter
accompanying the Resolution, I did comment that the location of the one Blockbuster store to offer
audio-described movies was baffling, given the fact that Woodland Hills is a suburb of Los Angeles
and not readily accessed by blind and visually impaired people who typically must use public
transportation.  I stated, "This store is at least twenty-miles and a one-hour bus ride from Downtown
Los Angeles.  Blind and visually impaired people, for the most part, reside in urban areas--not
suburban
--because of the availability of reliable public transportation.  ... I would hope that in future,
Blockbuster will greatly expand the number of locations carrying such videos and include locations in
the heart of major metropolitan areas."  Blockbuster did not respond in writing; however, I recently
contacted a representative who informed me that, beginning in January or February, Blockbuster would
expand the number of stores carrying audio-described videos from the current ten to four-hundred,
including forty-three outlets in California.  
  96A15 respectfully reminded the State Department of Education of Superintendent Eastin's
commitment to CCB and the CSB Alumni regarding their representation on the final oral review panel
for the selection of the Superintendent of the California School for the Blind.  As it turned out, this
Resolution became academic when Al Gil was again asked to represent the CCB on the selection panel.
  The following three Resolutions, 96A5, 96A10 and 96A12, dealt with matters which I felt could
best be addressed by forwarding copies to Chapter Presidents for local action.  This was done via
special release in July.  I sincerely hope this information was disseminated and that every member took
it upon him or herself to make these Resolutions available to the appropriate persons in their
communities.
  96A5 called for CCB to educate the blind and visually impaired community about its right to expect
and demand equal access to information provided by businesses and government agencies and to inform
businesses and government agencies about their legal obligation to make information accessible to blind
and visually impaired persons, as well as methods for carrying out this legal obligation and to
encourage blind individuals to report any specific accessibility problems to this organization in order
to assist in rectifying such problems.
  It seems to me this is what a lot of CCB members already do on a daily basis.  Every time we go
into a restaurant and ask for a braille menu, or call a government office and request a document on
tape or computer disc, we are acting upon this Resolution.  I also believe that our membership is far
more knowledgeable about our rights as blind people than non-members.  Perhaps educating the blind
community should involve getting people to become members of the California Council of the Blind.
  96A10 called for CCB to work diligently and speedily to assist its affiliates to organize on a
regional level in order to have a stronger voice in, and a greater impact on, local and state public
transit agencies and programs.  It urged CCB to join with other groups fighting to save public transit
so as to ensure the concerns of the blind and visually impaired are adequately heard, addressed and
acted upon.  It directed that we support legislation with the aim of raising additional revenues for
public transit, and finally it insisted that we make the urgency of our transit needs known to the public. 
Given that we are still "digging out" from our fiscal crisis, it will be very difficult for us to conduct
a significant public relations effort for awhile.  However, this doesn't mean that we can't let everyone
know just how critical good, reliable public transportation is for blind persons.  All of us can certainly
use those ubiquitous talk shows to get our message across to the public.  We can attend meetings of
the City Council and Transit Advisory committees and become the most persistent voice for increased
funding of public transportation in our local communities.  This is "grassroots advocacy" at its best and
that's how we implement this Resolution!
  96A12 called upon this Council, through its chapters and members, to urge each city and county
in the State of California to create a fund whose sole purpose is the alteration of existing public
facilities to make them accessible to persons with disabilities in compliance with Federal law and to
set aside $50 of each disabled parking fine for such capital improvements.  All of us must disseminate
this Resolution as widely as possible and begin lobbying our communities for its implementation.


        DEVELOPING THE NATIONAL AGENDA FOR THE 
     EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUTHS WITH VISUAL 
IMPAIRMENTS INCLUDING THOSE WITH MULTIPLE DISABILITIES 
 
  by Anne L. Korn, Phil Hatlen, Kathleen M. Huebner, 
           Frank Ryan, and Mary Ann Siller 

  (The following article is reprinted from the spring, 1996,  issue of REview the publication of the
Association for the Education and Re habilitation of the Blind and Visually Impaired.  The article contains
tables which are not reproduced here, but an effort will be made to locate, before the next issue of the BC an
analysis intext form.)
  Individuals committed to students who are visually impaired, including those with multiple disabilities, have
long believed that these students have the same rights as all students to a free and appropriate education.  
Indeed, students with visual impairments have received educational services in public day schools since 1900
(Roberts, 1986).  Parents and educators of these students have also recognized that they have unique learning
needs that must be addressed for preparation for life (Hatlen & Curry, 1987).
  In 1989 the President's Education Summit meeting with state governors took the first steps toward a
national effort to restructure the American system of education.  The primary objective of the summit was to
develop ambitious, realistic performance goals that would facilitate effective planning and setting of priorities
and lines of accountability and authority.  Participants at the summit created a National Education Goals Panel
to measure the progress over 10 years toward achieving six National Education Goals (Romer, 1991).  America
2000 is a national strategy that relies on local and state efforts and involves educational systems and the private
sector working as partners.
  In concert with America 2000, the U.S. Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS)
identified four initiatives to guide program activities and priorities in that area of education.  These were early
intervention, inclusion, family support, and empowerment (Smith, Hunter, & Schrag. 1991).  Educators of
students who are visually impaired have long agreed that "our national conscience is increasingly aware of the
public responsibility for providing a suitable education for every child" (Lowenfeld, 1973, p.23).  By early
1992, the Office of Special Education  Programs (OSEP) identified participants and sponsored A National
Agenda frr Achieving Better Results for Children and Youths with Disabilities.  This was an effort to better
incorporate special education into the movement to reform regular education.  It was felt that there was a
"continuing sense of frustration" within the special education community that we are being 'left out of the
national debate about educational reform' (Megivern. 1993, p. 1.)

      BACKGROUND OF THE NATIONAL AGENDA PROJECT:
  Although educators and parents saw the relevance of the efforts of the federal government to the educational
growth of children who have visual impairments, including those with multiple disabilities, they recognized that
educational services for these children faced critical challenges that  generalized efforts did not directly address. 
Too ofgoalten the increasing size of caseloads preclude providing appropriate amounts of instruction in basic
disability-specific areas such as Braille or orientation and mobility.  Because of a shortage of teachers with
special training, children are not being taught in the least restrictive educational environment.  Frequently, 
blind and low vision students suffer unnecessary development delays because they are not referred to special
education in a timely manner.  In too many cases, Brailled texts and other educational materials arrive weeks,
if not months, after the start of the school year.  Such situations place children with visual impairments at risk
of not receiving the free, appropriate education mandated by federal and state laws.  The community of parents,
professionals, and persons with visual impairments determined it needed to set its own priorities to work in
concert with other efforts.  

          DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL AGENDA
  Initial Discussions: In October, 1993, Dr. Anne Corn, a professor at Peabody College at Vanderbilt
University, addressed the annual conference of the American Printing House for the Blind on the challenges
faced by educators of students with visual impairments.  She did not mention a national agenda, but her
presentation prompted informal discussions about
the need to set priorities for the field.  Following these informal discussions, Drs. Phil Hatlen, Anne Corn, and
the late Everett Hill published an open letter in several newsletters and journals that proposed the concept of
a national agenda and asked readers to comment and suggest items for an agenda. 
  The American Foundation for the Blind took the next action by making the establishment of a National
Agenda the major project for its 1994 Josephine L. Taylor Leadership Institute (JLTLI).  The authors of this
article were the steering committee that was formed to guide the process. 

                    DRAFTING GOALS 
  At the JLTLI meeting, five focus groups discussed the different categories for goal statements that the
steering committee had identified from the responses to the open letter.  At the conclusion of the JLTLI, the
steering committee formed five committees to write an initial draft of the goal statements.  Each committee was
to submit measurable goals that could be attained by 2000.  The committees contributed 19 goal statements.
  

                   RATING THE GOALS
  In May, 1994, more than 2,000 copies of these 19 statements were mailed to parents, persons with visual
impairments, and professionals in the field of visual impairments.  The recipients were asked to distribute
copies to other interested individuals.  Using two scales, the recipients rated each statement according to the
impact it would have on the education of children with visual impairments and the likelihood that it could be
achieved by 2000.  By June, 1994, 519 responses from 40 states were received and analyzed.
  The steering committee reviewed the analysis and considered criteria such as how the raw data ranked in
terms of impact on the education of children who are visually impaired and achievability by the year 2000,
levels of consensus, and numbers of goal statements that were similar.  From these discussions, 11 goal
statements emerged.  Nine of them had both high impact and high likelihood of occurrence: two goal statements
had high impact and were moderately likely to occur.  After overlaps were eliminated, the final list contained
eight goals.   

  STATEMENT OF FINAL GOALS 
     The Steering Committee presented a draft of the eight goal statements at the July, 1994, biennial
international conference of the Association for the Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind and Visually
Impaired (AER) met in Dallas, Texas.  At that time the AER divisions related to services for the education of
children and youths (such as personnel preparation, multiple disabilities, orientation and mobility, and itinerant 
teaching) discussed and commented on the draft. 
  The steering committee presented the final draft of the National Agenda at the 1994 Annual Meeting of the
American Printing House for the Blind,  the year after the original discussions there.  

              WORKING TOWARD ACHIEVEMENT
  The next step was to identify organizations to help achieve the eight goals.  The following eight national
goal leader organizations (NGLs) were identitied, and each will focus its efforts and resources on one goal: 

Foundation for Blind Children in Phoenix (Goal 1. Referrals)
National Association for Parents of the Visually Impaired (Goal 2. ParentParticipation)
Division 17 of the Association for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blindand Visually Impaired: Personnel
Preparation (Goal 3. PersonnelPreparation)
Association of State Education Consultants for the Visually Impaired (Goal4, Provision of Educational
Services)
Council of Schools for the Blind (Goal 5, Array of Services)
The Lighthouse, Inc., in New York (Goal 6, Assessments)
Association of Instructional Resource Centers for the Visually Impaired(Goal 7, Access to Instructional
Materials) 
Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired (Goal 8, Core Curriculum

  Each NGL will undertake these tasks for its goal:  Gathering and analyzing data to establish a base line for
the nation's current level of functioning in its area; Developing model strategies for achieving the goal;
Working with schools, agencies, and organizations to implement achievement stratgies; Reporting progress at
least annually to the cochairs.  
  Each NGL will establish targets specific to its goal statement.  For example, if the Foundation for the Blind
in Phoenix, (NGL for Goal 1,  Referrals) were to learn that in 60% of the states the average length of time
for a child to be referred to an educational program is 18 months and 24 months in 40% of the states, the goal
could be to have 90% of the states reduce the delay to 6 months by the year 1997 and to have all states make
referrals within 30 days by the year 2000.  A possible strategy for achieving this goal could be to encourage
dialogue between the educational and medical communities.  
  The steering committee asked organizations and schools to sign endorsements for the National Agenda
Project.  In small towns and large cities, in every state of the country, faculty meetings, parent support  groups,
boards of directors of multiservice organizations, local school districts, and state departments of education
discussed the goals.  At the time of publication of this article, 127 national, state, and local organizations and
schools had endorsed it.  
  In March, 1995, a draft of the National Agenda was presented at the Josephine L. Taylor Leadership
Institute. and discussions led by National Goal Leader organizations suggested ways that NGLs could receive
comments from various groups who were in attendance.  At that time, the original steering committee was
expanded to include 10 additional members chosen from  individuals with visual disabilities, professionals, and
especially parents of children with visual disabilities.  

                      DISCUSSION 

  At no time in the recent history of the profession of education for students who are visually impaired has
a study involved so many and so representative a cross-section of those concerned for the education of children
and youths with visual impairments.  The final eight goals that emerged from the development and rating
process do not "belong" to the steering committee, nor to those hard-working colleagues who drafted the
original 19 goals, nor to any of the organizations that gave time and expertise to bring the project to fruition. 
Many people have an investment in the goals and are committed to achieving them.  In recent memory only
the early efforts to spread the use of the optacon (an optical to tactile conversion reader) and the efforts to
spread information and teaching techniques about the use of low vision parallel this solid commitment.  We
believe the National Agenda has the potential for a greater impact on the education of students who are visually
impaired than any former movement.  
  There is a "fit" within the goals that may not be apparent at first glance.  The following scenario may help
to clarify this fit: IF
there is an adequate supply of well-prepared teachers, who benefit fromearly referrals and from having parents
as partners and have manageablecase loads;
a full array of placement options are available;
children's placements are based on quality assessments;
instructional materials are available in the right media at the right time; and
a disability-specific core curriculum is implemented for all visuallyimpaired students; THEN
educators will have entered the 21st century assured of having the tools to prepare children with visual
impairments for a fulfilling and satisfying adult life.
  Judith Heumann, assistant secretary of the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and
Rehabilitative Services, endorsed the National Agenda and wrote in her forward to the document: "In these
tumultuous times, in which opinions abound concerning the best ways of implementing reform throughout all
levels of our educational system, a document such as this shines like a beacon, establishing clear-cut, timely,
and attainable goals toward which we all should strive."  

                      NEXT STEPS
  Full achievement of the National Agenda calls for nationwide involvement at all levels and from all
entities--parents, teachers, institutions of higher education, visually impaired adults, and students, among others. 
All these parties need to be kept informed.  The National Agenda Advisory Group will oversee the preparation
of an annual 'Report to the Nation," based on input from NGLs and the Advisory Board and disseminated to
federal and state policy makers, professionals, school boards, parents, consumers, and the general public.
  In October, 1995, Dr. Phil Hatlen, superintendent of the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired,
and Donna Stryker, a parent of a child with a visual impairment and board member of the National Association
of Parents of the Visually Impaired, became cochairs for the next stage of the National Agenda effort.  This
is truly a parent-professional partnership.  State coordinators who will work to help achieve all eight goals
within their state have been added to the project.
  "The plan is in place and has been set in motion.  This National Agenda has been identified by us and can
only be achieved by us.  The next step is action" (Corn et al. 1995, p. 24).

NOTE Readers may obtain one free copy of the National Agenda by writing to the American Foundation for
the Blind (AFB), 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 300, New York, NY 10001 or calling on AFB'S Information line: 1-
800-232-5463. 
xxxx
GOAL STATEMENTS OF THE NATIONAL AGENDA FOR THE           
EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUTHS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS,            P
INCLUDING THOSE WITH MULTIPLE DISABILITIES 1994-2000                 

  All the following goal statements apply to infants, children and youths who are blind or visually impaired,
including those with multiple disabilities:             
  1.  Students and their families will be referred to an appropriate education program within thirty days of
identification of a suspected visual impairment.
  2. Policies and procedures will be implemented to ensure the right of all parents to full participation and
equal partnership in the education process.                
           
3.  Universities, with a minimum of one full-time faculty member in the area of visual impairment, will prepare
a sufficient number of educators of students with visual impairments to meet personnel needs throughout the
country.
  4.  Service providers will determine caseloads based on the needs of students and will require ongoing
professional development for all teachers and orientation and mobility instructors. 
  5.  Local education programs will ensure that all students have access to a full array of placement options.
  6.  Assessment of students will be conducted, in collaboration with parents, by personnel having expertise
in the education of students with visual impairments.
  7.  Access to developmental and educational services will include an assurance that instructional materials
are available to students in the appropriate media and at the same time as their sighted peers.
  8.  Educational and developmental goals, including instruction, will reflect the assessed needs of each
student in all areas of academic and disability-specific core curricula.       


           NEWS FROM THE PYRAMID CHAPTER

                by Ahmad A. Rahman 

  (Editor's note: While the specific function referred to here will have passed by the time this issue
of the BC is produced, the ideas involved may well help other chapters to develop plans of their own.)
  The Pyramid Chapter, California Council of the Blind, is
hosting its third annual luncheon fundraiser on December
14, 1996, from 11:30 a.M. To 3:30 p.M., at the Ramada Inn, 850
E. Dominguez Street, Carson, California.  President Toscanalli
Thomas expects 60 members, friends, and supporters.
  This year's theme for discussion will be "The Effect of Blindness on Relationships."  This topic
will attempt to dispel many negative perceptions concerning blindness and blind persons.  The
microphone will be available to anyone with a question or comment about blindness or problems
associated with it, and in this way 
we hope to confront issues and to overcome some of the obstacles that exist between the sighted and
the blind or visually impaired
communities. 
  Also, on that day new chapter officers will be installed.  Ahmad
Rahman will be president and William McNight, first vice president.  Mabel Bailey and Tracy
Williams were re-elected treasurer and secretary.  
  This year as part of our Community Involvement Program, our chapter will distribute 30 food
baskets to those in need of assistance to demonstrate that the blind and visually impaired are an 
integral, and contributing part of this community.  
  Our commitment to the community is further illustrated by our involvement in the voter registration
drive during the recent election.  On June 26, 1996, we hosted the League of Women Voters, Los
Angeles, at our monthly meeting and invited the Compton
chapter of the CCB, Braille Institute outreach, and many
members from the Chester Adult School of Compton to join us. 
Mrs. Frick from the League discussed the importance of voting,especially in light of the far-reaching
implications of Proposition 209.  She also discussed the use of the absentee ballot and reminded us that
there is no excuse for not exercising our hard-earned right to vote.  There were 26 blind, visually
impaired, and senior citizens registered as a result of this program.
  On October 23, Mrs. Frick returned for an in depth
discussion of all the propositions, particularly Proposition 209,
which we worked hard to defeat, and the health care issues.  We worked, too, with Congresswoman
Juanita MacDonald's office in the get-out-the-vote campaign throughout the 37th congressional district. 
As a result, our chapter has been invited to attend a holiday celebration hosted by the congresswoman.
  Perhaps our most contentious project involved appealing
the decision denying certification to use access services to eight blind and visually impaired residents
of the Willowbrook and Compton areas.  Three of these appeals have been successful; there are five 
more pending with favorable results expected.  The appeals involve clearly establishing the facts that
show that many blind and visually impaired persons--seniors in particular--have multiple conditions that
affect their ability to get to and use public transportation.  While the evaluators are allegedly
experienced in dealing with blindness issues, they repeatedly failed to inquire if other conditions existed
that affected these persons' mobility.  Our efforts have included appealing to congresswoman
MacDonald's office and appearing before the County mission on Disabilities and the board of directors
of Access Services 
Inc.

                CAREER CONNECTIONS

               By Catherine Schmitt

  It's back with a new name, yet similar focus.  Career Connections Column will be addressing
employment-related issues which the "Around the Workplace" by Mitch Pomerantz, used to cover. 
The title "Career Connections" has significance in the workplace of the 90's.  This first article will
address the significance of the column name and employment trends.  
  Laying-off, down-sizing, right-sizing, and re-structuring are all terms that are being used to
describe the letting go of employees by companies.  Employers continue to say that they will be
shrinking their workforce over the next several years, and yet employers have begun increasing hiring
once again.  
  "How can that be?" you may be asking yourself.  The reality is that many of the non-skilled jobs
and low-skilled jobs are being eliminated, while the need for technical and skilled employees is
increasing.  In addition, the workplace will be in constant change and companies are seeking employees
who are critical thinkers, adaptable, flexible, and willing to perform in a constant state of change.  
  William Bridges, author of Job Shifts and Dejobbing  America states that people need to start
thinking and believing in themselves as "consultants" and not as a "computer programmer" or
"accountant."  Job titles are restrictive, and one needs to focus on the skills, abilities and experiences
that transcend a single job title.  Bridges feels that one needs to view him/herself as a "consultant" with
skills and the ability to succeed within a changing environment.
  What does this mean for the blind and low vision community?  Fear and uncertainty to name a few
of the reactions.  It used to be that a person was hired and held a position with the same company until
retirement.  And it used to be that a person would possibly hold two or three jobs within the same field
(or career) throughout his/her work history.  Not anymore.  The average person will change careers
(not jobs, but careers) an average of seven to eight times throughout a lifetime.  
  A "job" is a position that one works at to earn money, whereas a "career" is the field or area a
person works in and has goals for continued growth and advancement.  Pursuing a "career" takes more
thought and development of skills than just obtaining a "job."  One will have many jobs that may or
may not be related to a career goal.  Thus the word "Career" in the title of this column represents the
thought and preparation that are necessary for one to create and guide his/her own  career path.  
  Career paths will evolve over time based upon interests, experiences, and opportunities.  It is
important for you to ask yourself "what is my career (or long-term) goal?" 
  Who is being hired?  Although there will be an increase in hiring in '97, employers are seeking
the "right" candidate for their positions.  The successful candidate, according to the National
Association of Colleges and Employers survey, respondents in August of 1995, must have strong oral
and written communication skills, leadership skills, and  some type of previous work experience
(internship, part-time, or cooperative education experience).  
  Exposure to, and participation in, community and professional organizations are important as well. 
It is estimated that nearly 80% of all jobs are obtained through networking, or the process of meeting
and communicating with people.  Networking takes place at internships, in community organizations,
and just about any time you meet someone.  So "connections" are the key to finding employment and
really highlight the need for strong communication skills.  
  What are you doing to improve your communication skills?  What activities are you involved in
that are increasing your network of contacts?  
  The information and questions that have been posed are intended to help you begin to look at the
world of work differently and to begin focusing on what you want to do with your life.  Next issue's
column will provide advice from employers for job candidates.   


                 UNITED, WE STAND!

                 by Daveed Mandell

  The United Airlines reservations clerk was patient and pleasant as we discussed my upcoming trip
to New York City.  Everything went like clockwork until I mentioned my need for someone to assist
me at the gate.
  "Fine," she said.  "I'll make sure there's a wheelchair waiting for you."
  Something was definitely wrong.  I'm blind.  My eyes are the problem, not my legs.
  "I don't use a wheelchair," I explained.
  "Well, that's the only assistance we can offer you," the reservations clerk shot back irritably. 
"When we issue a 'meet and assist' request," she said, "that means a wheelchair."
  "Surely that's not correct, at least for a blind person," I insisted.  I couldn't remember which
section of Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act said that disabled people have the right to
refuse to accept any inappropriate accommodation forced on them.  I later learned it was Section 501
(D).
  No, I was wrong, the clerk retorted.
  Sure enough, as soon as we arrived at Laguardia International Airport, I was told that the
wheelchair hadn't arrived yet.  I explained to the ground customer service agent that what I really
needed was an elbow.
  "We're just trying to make sure you get the help that's best for you," she said condescendingly. 
"You don't have to be so belligerent about it."
  "Well, I'm telling you.  What's best for me is just an elbow."  You see that I'm standing and
walking."
  "Sir, that's our policy," she answered curtly.
  Eventually, after about a ten-minute wait, the wheelchair arrived.  The man who brought it was
courteous and friendly.  He saw right away that I didn't need that wheelchair.
  First, we had to walk to the security checkpoint.  After that, I had to wait about five minutes while
my guide returned the wheelchair from whence he had brought it.  Empty wheelchairs aren't permitted
past security.  Only then were we able to proceed to the baggage claim area.
  This whole exercise proved to be a waste of my escort's time--and mine--not to mention a great
annoyance to almost everyone concerned, including the flight attendants and my brother-in-law, who
couldn't find me in all the chaos.  In fact it took us about an hour to find each other.  There was
absolutely no excuse for any of this.
  United Airlines has routinely forced wheelchairs on blind people for decades.  Worse yet, it has--
also for many years--set aside specific rooms in several airports around the country into which it herds
disabled people, senior citizens and children who are waiting for their flights.  This enforced
segregation is unconscionable, not to mention illegal.  So, too, is lumping all disabled people in one
category, along with small children and senior citizens, and assuming that all disabilities must be
handled alike.  "One size fits all!" seems to be the airline's motto.

  It also appears that United, and probably other airlines as well, has precious little tolerance for
assertive, independent blind people.  Furthermore, it would appear that airline personnel prefer to deal
with only those who are passive, compliant and afraid to stand up to anyone.  We resent this negative
attitude and humiliating treatment.
  United's position is reminiscent of the hotels that claim to cater to the so-called handicapped
population, by providing special  rooms for them.  All these people are given such a room, whether
or not they request one.  It doesn't matter what their disabilities  really are, or whether or not such a
room is really appropriate for the disabilities in question.
  So listen here, United Airlines! The law is on our side, and we're not going to tolerate your sugar-
coated hostility any longer!  We have had enough of your rudeness and distasteful behavior.  It's  time
for you to  respect us as your fellow human beings.  We blind people are not meant to be hauled
around like sacks of produce or pieces of furniture.
  All we want to do is pay our fares, fly on your planes, and disembark on our own two feet, like
most other passengers.  Sometimes, we need an escort.  We blind people think that's not too much to
ask of the biggest airline in the nation.

                  RANDOM THOUGHTS

               by Domenic Martinelli

  Humility has a natural ally against the delusions of pride through the ability to laugh at oneself as
well as others.  
  Tenderness always finds the fitting gesture.  A tender look, joyfully turned, beautifies the face. 
  A genuine smile of joyful mirth cleanses boredom.
  A resolute person has steady eyes which hold the look of intrepid sincerity.  
  Three, two, one; one, two, three: what the heck is bothering me!
  Avoid slamming the door of hope in the face of the needy.
  Doing what comes naturally simply doesn't work with fallen human nature.
  The most precious thing a person can give is trust, which is based on fact and is earned.
  Life is a journey.  Enjoy the trip; make it with a smile.
  Blaming doesn't change things; it just goes on and on tearing at us; nothing is resolved.
  Welcome!  There are no strangers here--only friends we have not met.
  You can't take it with you--and the way prices are now, you can't even afford to go.
  May I have the vision to see love in the world in spite of human failure.  May I trust goodness in
spite of ignorance and weakness.  
  Loneliness is never overcome by chance; one must take measures oneself.  
  

                    GBX UPDATE

                   by Dan Kysor

  CCB's special internet project, the Global Blind Exchange, (GBX), is very much alive and quite
well.  We have experienced throughout our history a plus budget and a constantly growing user base. 
Currently, we have over 1500 users of the service and have added several new features since our last
article in this publication.

  First, we now have Internet Relay Chat which defaults to the  popular "Blind Talk" as well as an
E-mail address book and E-mail responder.  The responder will allow GBX users to leave messages
while they are away on vacation letting folks know they are not at home and when they will be back.

  We still have CCB NET on GBX.  This has a public message 
area as well as our own file library which contains back issues of the Blind Californian, our
constitution and By Laws and much more!  CCB NET may be accessed off of the GBX top menu by
typing S for Special Interest Groups and Organizations.

  Another new feature in our GBX service is our CCB-L mailing list.  If you are on GBX or have
an internet account, you may subscribe to this list, and anyone who is on the list may contribute
announcements which will be automatically distributed to all those on the list.  To subscribe to CCB-L,
send e-mail to:
CCB-L@GBX.ORG and in the subject or topic line put the word SUBSCRIBE.

  Blind Students of California now has their own mailing list BSCNET.  To subscribe to this list,
send e-mail to:
BSCNET@GBX-L and in the subject or topic line, write the word SUBSCRIBE.

  If you would like to contribute to the Global Blind Exchange and desire to keep the service on-line,
send all contributions to:
CCB/GBX 1601 West El Camino Ave. no. 111
Sacramento, Ca. 95833

  For further information on GBX, contact the program manager, Dan Kysor at 916-648-2147.


                 LIFE MEMBERSHIPS

  Here are the names of those who have become life members of the California Council of the Blind
since the fall isue of the BC.  Life memberships cost $200 and may be paid for over two years in $40
installments.  CCB is grateful for this extra help.

Fern Fitzpatrick (a long-time life member whom we inadvertentlyfailed to mention)
Beatrice BelMartin Jones
Peter Marc DamienLillian Scaife 
Martin Jones
Lillian Scaife


                 AROUND THE STATE

  The Career Services Department of the Braille Institute, Los Angeles, is accepting calls from
persons applying for the free 21-week prevocational Learning Center program.   Attendees must know
the computer keyboard and be motivated to want to work or to continue their higher education.  Classes
are held from Tuesday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.; they will begin in March and last through
July.   Only a limited number of applicants can be accommodated and there is always a waiting list so
act promptly.  Call Nina Barsky at 213-663-1111 Ext. 326.


                   CCB OFFICERS

President:  Catherine Skivers, 836 Resota Street, Hayward, CA 94545

First Vice President: John Lopez, 3925 E. 6th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90023 

Second Vice President: Jeff Thom, 7414 Mooncrest Drive, Sacramento, CA 95831 

Secretary:  Kenneth Frasse, 141 Del Medio Ave., Apt. 223, Mountain View, CA 94040

Treasurer:  David Parker, 1600 Florida Street, Vallejo, CA 94590 




